EPA TRI Chemical

Benzene

CAS Number: 71-43-2

Total releases
24.1M lbs
Number of facilities
1,354
Carcinogen
Yes
PBT substance
No
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Carcinogen

According to the EPA Toxics Release Inventory, Benzene (CAS 71-43-2) is disclosed by 1,354 Form R facilities totaling 24.1M lbs of reported releases. The TRI extract marks this chemical with a carcinogen classification flag. TRI pounds are self-reported disclosure totals, not a measured public-health risk score.

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Benzene (CAS 71-43-2) is a chemical tracked by the EPA Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) program under Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act. The TRI requires industrial facilities above specified threshold quantities to disclose annual manufacturing, processing, and otherwise-used volumes, along with quantities released to air, water, land, and off-site transfers.

The carcinogen flag above reflects an assessment from EPA, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, or the National Toxicology Program, not a TRI-specific determination. The largest individual disclosure in the current dataset comes from DAGGER DRAW GAS PLANT in NM at 2.8M lbs.

TRI volumes are self-reported estimates, not measured stack emissions, and each pound counts equally regardless of chemical toxicity, so total pounds should not be equated with total risk. Inclusion of a chemical or facility in the TRI does not itself establish a health hazard; it documents the public right-to-know record. Consult EPA's IRIS (Integrated Risk Information System) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry for health-effect summaries.

MIXED pathway mix

Benzene: how the 24.1M lbs splits

24.1M lbs across all reported pathways

  • Air Releases15.6M lbs64.7%
  • Land Disposal5.0M lbs20.9%
  • Off-site Transfers3.4M lbs14.2%
  • Water Discharges25.4K lbs0.1%

Benzene's 24.1M lbs Form-R total is MIXED, with air releases making up 64.7% of the bar. Next segment: land disposal at 20.9%.

Trend & Where It's Reported

Reported Release Trend

Between 2019 and 2023, cumulative annual Benzene releases across all reporting facilities increased by 96% (3.5M lbs → 6.9M lbs). Year-to-year swings reflect facility openings/closures and reporting changes as much as underlying activity.

Geographic Concentration

Reporting for Benzene is concentrated: Texas accounts for 39.7% of the reported total (308 facilities). Next: New Mexico.

  • Texas 9.5M lbs
  • New Mexico 3.5M lbs
  • Louisiana 2.2M lbs
  • Michigan 955.4K lbs
  • Wisconsin 629.9K lbs
Industry Sources

Reporting for Benzene is concentrated by industry: Petroleum facilities account for 33.4% of the reported total (169 facilities). Next: Natural Gas Processing.

  • Petroleum 8.0M lbs
  • Natural Gas Processing 7.4M lbs
  • Chemicals 4.9M lbs
  • Primary Metals 1.0M lbs
  • Nonmetallic Mineral Product 788.3K lbs

Which facilities release the most of this chemical?

Facilities with the largest reported releases of Benzene. Up to 50 shown.

# Facility Release (lbs)
1 Dagger Draw Gas Plant
2.8M lbs
2 King Ranch Gas Plant
1.5M lbs
3 Blanchard Refining Co LLC
503.5K lbs
4 Lyondell Chemical Co
475.5K lbs
5 Ees Coke Battery LLC
474.2K lbs
6 Alon Usa-Big Spring Refinery
424.0K lbs
7 Tm Deer Park Services LP
411.1K lbs
8 Wildcat Gas Plant
392.4K lbs
9 Diamond Shamrock Refining Co LP
329.4K lbs
10 Chevron Products Co - Salt Lake Refinery
323.9K lbs
11 St Marys Cement U.S. LLC
290.6K lbs
12 Sand Hills Gas Plant
290.0K lbs
13 Shell Norco Chemical Plant
280.1K lbs
14 Red Hills Gas Plant
272.3K lbs
15 Eunice Gas Plant
249.2K lbs
16 Waupaca Foundry-Plant 5
217.9K lbs
17 Waupaca Foundry Plant 2/3
214.1K lbs
18 Exxonmobil Refining & Supply Baytown Refinery (part)
204.2K lbs
19 Cleveland-Cliffs Burns Harbor LLC
198.9K lbs
20 Wood River Refinery
198.8K lbs
21 Dow Chemical Co Freeport Facility
196.0K lbs
22 Harvest Louisiana Terminals LLC - Alliance Terminal
191.7K lbs
23 Chevron Products Co Pascagoula Refinery
185.8K lbs
24 Holcim (us) Inc Holly Hill Plant
184.5K lbs
25 Equistar Chemicals Clinton Plant
172.9K lbs
26 Monroe Energy Llc-Trainer Refinery
168.2K lbs
27 Uss-Clairton Plant
167.8K lbs
28 Waupaca Foundry - Plant 4
167.8K lbs
29 Valero Refining Texas LP Corpus Christi East Plant
162.3K lbs
30 Eastman Chemical Co Texas Operations
162.1K lbs
31 Chevron Phillips Chemical Co LP
159.7K lbs
32 Westlake Vinyls Inc
143.1K lbs
33 Flint Hills Resources Corpus Christi LLC - West Plant
138.4K lbs
34 Citgo Petroleum Corp
137.8K lbs
35 Exxonmobil Oil Corp Chemical Plant (part)
129.8K lbs
36 Equistar Chemicals LP
124.9K lbs
37 Mountain State Carbon LLC
122.6K lbs
38 Phillips 66 Ponca City Site
122.3K lbs
39 Albemarle Corp South Plant
121.9K lbs
40 Formosa Plastics Corp Texas
120.5K lbs
41 Gateway Gas Plant
118.3K lbs
42 Motiva - Port Arthur Chemicals
117.4K lbs
43 Cos-Mar Co
117.1K lbs
44 Waupaca Foundry Plant 1
114.5K lbs
45 Enterprise Gas Processing LLC Pascagoula Gas Processing Pla
112.9K lbs
46 Inv Nylon Chemicals Americas Orange Site
110.0K lbs
47 Shell Chemical LP
107.8K lbs
48 Marathon Petroleum Co LP Illinois Refining Div
105.9K lbs
49 Basf Totalenergies Petrochemicals LLC
103.6K lbs
50 Exxonmobil Baytown Chemical Plant (part)
102.3K lbs

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Benzene in the EPA TRI?
Benzene (CAS Number: 71-43-2) is a chemical tracked by the EPA Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) program. The TRI extract marks it with a carcinogen classification flag based on EPA/IARC/NTP listings. 1,354 facilities in the United States report releasing this chemical to the EPA.
How much Benzene is disclosed in U.S. TRI filings?
U.S. facilities have reported a total of 24.1M lbs of Benzene releases to the EPA Toxic Release Inventory across 1,354 facilities. Release quantities are self-reported estimates covering air, water, land, and off-site transfers. They are disclosure totals, not toxicity-weighted harm scores.
How does EPA TRI classify Benzene?
Benzene carries a carcinogen classification flag in the TRI database (drawn from EPA, IARC, or NTP listings). TRI classification flags document inventory listing status; they are not a site-specific exposure or health diagnosis. For health-effect summaries see EPA IRIS and ATSDR toxicological profiles.
Which facilities disclose the most Benzene?
Dagger Draw Gas Plant in NM reports the largest disclosed release of Benzene in this dataset, at 2.8M lbs. Most reporting facilities for this chemical fall under petroleum. Release data is self-reported annually to the EPA under the TRI program. View the full list of 1,354 facilities on this page.
What is the CAS number for Benzene?
The CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) Registry Number for Benzene is 71-43-2. CAS numbers are unique numerical identifiers assigned to every chemical substance described in the open scientific literature. This identifier is used to search scientific databases and regulatory filings.

Health Information

Carcinogen Classification: This chemical is classified as a known or suspected carcinogen by the EPA under the Toxic Release Inventory program. This classification is based on evaluations by agencies including the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the National Toxicology Program (NTP), and the EPA itself.

Data comes from the EPA Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) program. Release quantities are self-reported by facilities and may represent estimates. The total shown aggregates reports across all facilities and reporting years.

PlainEnviro presents this data without advocacy framing. The presence of a chemical in the TRI database does not by itself indicate a health risk at current exposure levels. For health-related questions about specific chemical exposures, consult your local health agency or a toxicologist.

Related

Data sourced from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). See our methodology for details. Retrieved and formatted by PlainEnviro

Disclaimer: This information is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute professional advice. Data is sourced from the EPA Toxic Release Inventory (TRI). Consult a qualified professional before making decisions based on this data.